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Construction bitumen

Construction bitumen

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Kazakhstan, Uralsk
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Technical characteristics
  • Country of manufactureKazakhstan
  • FeedstockPetroleum
  • PurposeGeneral construction
Description

Bitumens (bitumen — mountain pitch, oil) — the firm or smolopodobny products representing mix of hydrocarbons and their nitrogenous, kislorodisty, sulphurous and metallic derivatives. Bitumens are insoluble in water, in whole or in part rastvorima in benzene, chloroform, carbon sulfur, etc. organic solvents; with a density of 0,95 — 1,50 g/cm ³.

Classification

Natural bitumens — minerals of an organic origin with primary hydrocarbonic basis. The natural derivatives of oil which are formed at violation of preservation of its deposits as a result of chemical and biochemical oxidation concern to them. On the structure depending on structure initial nefty and conditions of their transformation, are conditionally subdivided into several classes: Malta, asfalta, asphaltites, kerita and antraksolita. Production is carried out mainly by a career or mine way (Bituminous sand).

Artificial (technical) bitumens are residual products of oil refining, coal and slates. On structure are similar to natural bitumens.

Production and processing of natural bitumens

Process of production and complex processing of natural bitumens is made in the following sequence:

· production of bitumosoderzhashchy breed

· division of bitumosoderzhashchy breed on organic and mineral parts

· bitumen transportation

· bitumen processing

Depending on conditions of a bedding and physical properties of raw materials development of fields of natural bitumens is carried out the next ways:

· career and mine clearing at which breed is taken on a surface where from it extract bitumen solvent or hot water with an additive of the emulsifying structures

· mine drainage at which natural bitumens are extracted in mine by drift through system of the ascending drainage wells, proburyonny of excavations

· borehole intra bedded at which natural bitumens are extracted by thermal or other impact on bitumonasyshchenny breeds through wells, proburyonny from a surface

Miner (career and mine) ways develop fields with a bitumonasyshchennost of the containing breeds not less than 10% and a depth of 60 — 90 meters. Bitumen extraction coefficient at the same time to 85 — 90%. Borehole ways develop fields of liquid natural bitumens with a depth, as a rule, more than 100 meters. At borehole ways the coefficient of oil recovery reaches on average 30%. Here several couples of the arc-shaped with an exit to a day surface of wells are drilled. In couple of well are parallel, settling down one above another at distance several meters. One of wells is intended for pumping steam which is warming up layer. Another for pumping of the oil which became to less viscous as a result of warming up.

Properties and methods of receiving

· Oil bitumens

· Bitumens of firm combustible minerals

Application

· Bituminous varnishes

· Bituminous materials

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